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| Additional member system (Scottish Parliament) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Additional Member System
The Additional Member System (AMS) is a voting system which uses semi-proportional representation in order that the makeup of the elected group more closely resembles the share of votes cast between different political parties than under non-proportional systems such as first past the post voting.
AMS is used in Scotland, Wales, the London Assembly, Hungary and Bolivia, and was used (in a modified format) in Italy.
== Method of voting ==
In an election using the Additional Member System, each voter casts two votes: a vote for a candidate standing in their constituency (with or without an affiliated party), and a vote for a party list standing in a wider region made up of multiple constituencies. The constituency vote is used to elect a single representative in the voter's constituency using the traditional First-Past-The-Post system: the candidate with the most votes (not necessarily a majority) wins. The regional vote is used to elect multiple representatives from party lists to stand in regional seats, taking into account how many seats were gained by that party in the constituency vote, using a system of proportional representation: the number of seats a party receives will roughly reflect its percentage of the vote.
Voters are not required to vote for the same party in the constituency and regional votes. In the regional vote, the voter votes for a specific party, but has no control over which candidates from the party are elected. On the other hand, in the constituency vote, the voter votes for a specific candidate rather than a party. The Arbuthnott Commission recommended that Scotland change to a model where the voter can vote for a specific regional candidate as well, but this has not been implemented. With a similar model in Bavaria the second vote is not simply for the party but for one of the candidates on the party's regional list: Bavaria uses seven regions for this purpose. In Baden-Württemberg there are no lists; they use the "best near-winner" method in a four-region model, where the regional members are the local candidates of the under-represented party in that region who received the most votes in their local constituency without being elected in it, but this model has not been copied in the United Kingdom.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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